Plant Index

 
 
 
 

Tilia ×europaea

Tilia ×europaea L. (pro sp.)

common european linden, lime

PLANT INDEX

ID_PLANT: TIEU4
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tilia ×europaea
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2020-01-01

GENUS INDEX

GENUS CODE: TILIA
GENUS SCIENTIFIC: Tilia
GENUS AUTHORITY: L.
GENUS COMMON: Basswood
GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 25-45 species, trees, of temperate regions of North America, Europe and Asia. Hardins (1990) treatment of American Tilia seems a practical and reasonable approach; it gives taxonomic status to the more distinctive (and geographically based) elements of variation, while recognizing the intergradational nature of the variation; McCarthy (2012) agreed with Hardin’s entities and their ranks. Pigott (2012), however, differed in his interpretation (see synonymy). Further investigation of this complex group is, however, warranted.
GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: While the varieties treated below are broadly distinctive and have definite geographic distributions across e. North America, they are imperfectly distinct in geographic areas of overlap. In our area, their identification is particularly problematic in Virginia, where individuals in many parts of the state show intergradation between the northern var. americana and the Southern and Central Appalachian var. heterophylla.
GENUS REFERENCES: Strother in FNA (2015); McCarthy (2012)=U; Pigott (2012)=V; Hardin (1990)=Z; Stace (2010)=Y; Haines (2011)=X; Bayer & Kubitzki in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003). Key adapted from Hardin (1990) and Stace (2010).

FAMILY INDEX

FAMILY CODE: MALVAC
FAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Malvaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: A.L. de Jussieu 1789
FAMILY COMMON: Mallow Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 243 genera and 4000-4500 species, herbs, shrubs, and trees, of cosmopolitan distribution, but especially diverse in the tropics and subtropics. Malvaceae has always been difficult to circumscribe cleanly, relative to members of such families as Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Molecular evidence now adds to morphologic evidence that traditional circumscriptions of these families are highly polyphyletic. Bayer et al. (1999) present a classification of an expanded Malvaceae, with 9 subfamilies recognized. This family includes several economically important species, including cotton (Gossypium spp.), cacao or chocolate (Theobroma cacao Linnaeus), and cola (Cola acuminata R. Brown).
FAMILY REFERENCE: Bayer et al. (1999); Bayer & Kubitzki in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003); Fryxell (1988). [including STERCULIACEAE and TILIACEAE]

NCBG DESCRIPTIVES

INTRO:
STEMS:
LEAVES:
INFLORESCENCE:
FLOWERS:
FRUITS:
COMMENTS:
HEIGHT:
DURATION: Perennial
HABIT: Tree
LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Simple
LEAF RETENTION:
FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
BLOOM TIME:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

BLOOM COLOR:
White Red Pink Orange Yellow Green Blue Lavender Purple Violet Brown Not Applicable

FRUITING PERIOD:
DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE:
NATIVE RANGE:
HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:

Bloom Table Text:

NCBG Location:

Cultural Notes:

SOIL MOISTURE:
LIGHT EXPOSURE:
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE:
DEER RESISTANCE:

GRIM ACCESSIONS

acc_id acc_num acc_dt coll_id Action
1118 1985-0863 View

GRIM PLANTINGS

plt_num acc_id loc_num pers_num inst_dt Action
2018 1118 163 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View

USDA PLANTS DATABASE

USDA Symbol: TIEU4
USDA Common Name: Common Linden
Native Status: L48 (I), CAN (I)
Distribution: USA (CT, MA, ME, NY, OH, OR, RI), CAN (NB, NS, ON, PE, QC)
Duration: Perennial
Growth Habit: Tree

WEAKLEY FLORA

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tilia ×europaea
COMMON NAME: Common European Linden, Lime
SYNONYMY: [= FNA, V, Y; = T. ×vulgaris Hayne - X]
PHENOLOGY:
HABITAT: Suburban woodlands; uncommonly planted, rarely naturalizing, native of Europe.
COMMENTS:
RANGE MAP: Tilia ×europaea.png

Key to Map Symbols
ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Malvaceae A.L. de Jussieu 1789 (Mallow Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 243 genera and 4000-4500 species, herbs, shrubs, and trees, of cosmopolitan distribution, but especially diverse in the tropics and subtropics. Malvaceae has always been difficult to circumscribe cleanly, relative to members of such families as Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Molecular evidence now adds to morphologic evidence that traditional circumscriptions of these families are highly polyphyletic. Bayer et al. (1999) present a classification of an expanded Malvaceae, with 9 subfamilies recognized. This family includes several economically important species, including cotton (Gossypium spp.), cacao or chocolate (Theobroma cacao Linnaeus), and cola (Cola acuminata R. Brown).
REFERENCE: Bayer et al. (1999); Bayer & Kubitzki in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003); Fryxell (1988). [including STERCULIACEAE and TILIACEAE]
ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Tilia L. (Basswood)
SUMMARY: A genus of about 25-45 species, trees, of temperate regions of North America, Europe and Asia. Hardins (1990) treatment of American Tilia seems a practical and reasonable approach; it gives taxonomic status to the more distinctive (and geographically based) elements of variation, while recognizing the intergradational nature of the variation; McCarthy (2012) agreed with Hardin’s entities and their ranks. Pigott (2012), however, differed in his interpretation (see synonymy). Further investigation of this complex group is, however, warranted.
REFERENCE: Strother in FNA (2015); McCarthy (2012)=U; Pigott (2012)=V; Hardin (1990)=Z; Stace (2010)=Y; Haines (2011)=X; Bayer & Kubitzki in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003). Key adapted from Hardin (1990) and Stace (2010).

HERBARIUM RESOURCES

SERNEC: Find Tilia ×europaea in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
UNC SERNEC: Find Tilia ×europaea in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)

WEB RESOURCES

USDA: Find Tilia ×europaea in USDA Plants
NPIN: Find Tilia ×europaea in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Tilia ×europaea in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Tilia ×europaea

IMAGE USE RECORDS

ID IMAGE: 0 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)
ID IMAGE1: 0 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 0 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 0 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)

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