Image ID: 9656
Image by: Ware, Richard & Teresa
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library
PLANT INDEX
ID_PLANT: TIDI
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tipularia discolor
Include in WOTAS: 1
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2018-01-10
GENUS INDEX
GENUS CODE: TIPUL GENUS SCIENTIFIC:Tipularia GENUS AUTHORITY: Nutt. GENUS COMMON: Tipularia GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of 3 species; the other species of the genus are e. Asian (1 in Japan and 1 in the Himalayas) (Catling & Sheviak in FNA 2002). GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: The leaves are present during the winter, withering before the flowering stalk appears, the plant thus occasionally mistaken for one of the saprophytic orchids. The leaves are usually purple underneath, a characteristic shared with Aplectrum, but Tipularia leaf blades are ovate, < 10 cm long, and are not notably plicate along the veins (vs. Aplectrum, with leaf blades narrowly elliptic, 10-20 cm long, and notably plicate along the very prominent, white, cartilaginous veins). GENUS REFERENCES: Catling & Sheviak in FNA (2002a); Correll (1950)=X.
FAMILY INDEX
FAMILY CODE: ORCHID FAMILY SCIENTIFIC:Orchidaceae FAMILY AUTHORITY: A.L. de Jussieu 1789 FAMILY COMMON: Orchid Family FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 800 genera and 19,000 species, perennial (rarely annual), mycotrophic herbs and vines (many epiphytic). FAMILY REFERENCE: Luer (1972) and Luer (1975)=L; Correll (1950)=X; Romero-González, Fernández-Concha, Dressler, Magrath, & Argus in FNA (Williams & Williams (1983); Brown (2003); Homoya (1993); Correll (1937); Pridgeon et al. (1999a, 1999b, 1999c).
NCBG DESCRIPTIVES
INTRO:Erectperennial found in moist to fairly dry forests. STEMS:Stem consists of a bronze-purple, smooth,naked flowering scape arising from a corm after leaves have withered. LEAVES: Leaves (2-5) in a basal cluster, arising in winter without the flowering stalk; oval-elliptic, to 4 in. long, lightly pleated, dull green with purple bumps above and glossy purple beneath. INFLORESCENCE: FLOWERS: Flowers 20-40 on an elongated raceme terminating the scape, greenish-yellow to bronze or purple, about 1 in. long and drooping, bilaterally symmetric, consisting of 5 oblong-oval sepals and an ornate fused-petal structure with a 3-lobed lower lip and nectar spur. FRUITS:Fruit an ovalcapsule held closely parallel to the scape. COMMENTS: Pollinated by nocturnal moths, the flower is reminiscent of a cranefly. Like all orchids, it needs fungal (mycorrhizal) associates to germinate and grow--apparently those found in rotting wood. HEIGHT: 4-20 in. DURATION:
Perennial
HABIT:
Herb
LEAF ARRANGEMENT:
Basal LEAF COMPLEXITY:
Simple LEAF RETENTION: FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
Bilateral (Zygomorphic)
BLOOM TIME: Jun-Sep
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
x
x
x
x
BLOOM COLOR: Greenish-yellow to bronze and purple
White
Red
Pink
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Lavender
Purple
Violet
Brown
Not Applicable
x
x
x
FRUITING PERIOD: DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE: Dry forests, Moist forests
NATIVE RANGE: eastern United States HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:
Bloom Table Text:
NCBG Location:
Cultural Notes:
SOIL MOISTURE:
Dry, Average
LIGHT EXPOSURE:
Part Shade, Shade
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE:
DEER RESISTANCE:
This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2016 National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.3 (Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X). Regions: AGCP-Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, AK-Alaska, AW-Arid West, CB-Caribbean, EMP-Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, GP-Great Plains, HI-Hawaii, MW-Midwest, NCNE-Northcentral and Northeast, WMCV-Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast
WEAKLEY FLORA
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tipularia discolor
COMMON NAME: Cranefly Orchid
SYNONYMY: [= C, F, FNA, G, K, L, Pa, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, X; = T. unifolia (Muhlenberg) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg - S]
PHENOLOGY: Jul-Sep.
HABITAT: In a wide variety of mesic to rather dry forests.
COMMENTS: Se. MA, s. NY, OH, IN, and s. MI south to n. peninsular FL and TX. Along with Goodyera pubescens, Tipularia is one of the commonest orchids in e. North America.
RANGE MAP: Tipularia discolor.png
Key to Map SymbolsABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora) Orchidaceae A.L. de Jussieu 1789 (Orchid Family) SUMMARY: A family of about 800 genera and 19,000 species, perennial (rarely annual), mycotrophic herbs and vines (many epiphytic). REFERENCE: Luer (1972) and Luer (1975)=L; Correll (1950)=X; Romero-González, Fernández-Concha, Dressler, Magrath, & Argus in FNA (Williams & Williams (1983); Brown (2003); Homoya (1993); Correll (1937); Pridgeon et al. (1999a, 1999b, 1999c).ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora) Tipularia Nutt. (Tipularia) SUMMARY: A genus of 3 species; the other species of the genus are e. Asian (1 in Japan and 1 in the Himalayas) (Catling & Sheviak in FNA 2002). REFERENCE: Catling & Sheviak in FNA (2002a); Correll (1950)=X.
HERBARIUM RESOURCES
SERNEC: Find Tipularia discolor in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available) UNC SERNEC: Find Tipularia discolor in
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)