Plant Index
Quercus marilandica
Quercus marilandica Münchh.
blackjack oak
Image ID: 16600
Image by: Sorrie, Bruce A.
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library
PLANT INDEX
ID_PLANT: QUMA3SCIENTIFIC NAME: Quercus marilandica
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2019-11-29
GENUS INDEX
GENUS CODE: QUERCGENUS SCIENTIFIC: Quercus
GENUS AUTHORITY: L.
GENUS COMMON: Oak
GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 350-530 species, trees and shrubs, of temperate, subtropical, and rarely tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Oaks are the predominant tree of our area, with a variety of species dominating much of the landscape in nearly every ecological situation. Only in a few specialized (and usually in some sense edaphically extreme) communities are oaks generally entirely absent: deepest Coastal Plain swamps, some Coastal Plain depression ponds, wettest pine savannas, pocosins, spruce-fir forests, highest elevation northern hardwood forests, and mountain bogs.
GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: Many oak species are well-adapted to ecological situations in which fires frequently burn the ground layer. Fire-maintained communities of the Piedmont and Mountains typically have oaks such as Q. stellata, Q. marilandica var. marilandica, Q. ilicifolia, and Q. prinoides. The two latter species are normally shrubby, and have become rarer because of fire suppression (they require fire to prevent larger trees from outcompeting them). In contrast, Q. stellata and Q. marilandica var. marilandica become larger and more frequent in fire-suppressed conditions.
GENUS REFERENCES: Nixon in FNA (1997) (overall treatment); Jensen in FNA (1997) (red oaks); Nixon & Muller in FNA (1997) (white oaks); Godfrey (1988); Stein, Binion, & Acciavatti (2003); Cronquist (1991); Duncan & Duncan (1988); Hunt (1990)=Z; Hunt (1994); Kubitzki in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993).
FAMILY INDEX
FAMILY CODE: FAGACEFAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Fagaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: Dumortier 1829
FAMILY COMMON: Beech Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 8 genera and 620-1050 species, trees and shrubs, mostly of the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into se. Asia and Australia.
FAMILY REFERENCE: Nixon in FNA (1997); Govaerts & Frodin (1998); Kubitzki in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Elias (1971a).
NCBG DESCRIPTIVES
INTRO:STEMS: Pith continuous. Young twigs (1-year-old or less) brown or reddish-brown, (1–)2–4(–5) mm wide, pubescent, puberulent or tomentose. Twigs (2–4 years old) glabrous or glabrate or pubescent. Leaf scars half-round, bundle scars numerous, stipule scars inconspicuous, stipule scars not circumferential. Bark of mature trunks checkered or furrowed or plated. Buds axillary or terminal, bud clusters at ends of twigs present, brown or reddish-brown, 5–10 mm long, conic or ellipsoid or ovoid, blunt or sharp, pubescent, bud scales imbricate.
LEAVES: Leaves deciduous, simple, petiolate, alternate or spiral, spreading or ascending, (5–)7.5–25(–30) cm long, (4–)7–20 cm wide, obdeltoid or obovate, leaf margins entire, unlobed or shallowly lobed, pinnately lobed, leaf lobes 3(–5) per leaf, leaf apices acute or apiculate or mucronate or rounded, leaf bases cordate or cuneate or obtuse or rounded. Leaf upper surface green or yellow-green, glabrous or glabrate or pubescent. Leaf lower surface brown or green or orange or yellow, glabrate or pubescent or with tufts in vein axils, puberulent or stellate or tomentose. Leaf venation pinnate. Petioles 0.5–2 cm long, glabrous or glabrate or pubescent, tomentose. Stipules present, caducous, not circumferential.
INFLORESCENCE: Inflorescences axillary, catkins or flowers solitary or spikes, flowers sessile.
FLOWERS: Flowers unisexual, epigynous. Perianth. Calyx radially symmetric, synsepalous. Sepals 4–6 per flower, calyx tubes 2–3 mm long, brown or green or red, ovate, pubescent, caducous. Corolla absent. Androecium. Stamens (2–)6(–12) per flower, separate. Gynoecium. Ovaries inferior, pistils 1 per flower. Gynoecium syncarpous, 3 carpels per flower, styles 3 per pistil, placentation axile. Other floral features. Hypanthia present, involucres present.
FRUITS: Fruits accessory fruits or acorns or nuts, (1–)1.5–2(–2.5) cm long, brown, fruit maturation 2 years.
COMMENTS: Staminate flowers in pendent catkins, pistillate flowers solitary or in few- to many-flowered spikes; pistillate flowers enclosed by a scaly involucre which develops into the acorn cup.
HEIGHT: to 50 ft. or more
DURATION: Perennial
HABIT: Tree
LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Simple
LEAF RETENTION: Deciduous
FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
BLOOM TIME: March or April or May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| x | x | x |
BLOOM COLOR: yellow, green
| White | Red | Pink | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Lavender | Purple | Violet | Brown | Not Applicable |
| x | x |
FRUITING PERIOD:
DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE: Dry forests, Woods margins
NATIVE RANGE: eastern & central U.S.
HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text: This small, underappreciated oak grows in dry, sandy, or rocky soils where other woody plants may struggle. The large glossy leaves are club-shaped and turn reddish-brown in the fall. Blackjack oak is sometimes called "scrub oak" as it often has a stunted and gnarled appearance, but its toughness proves that it is a valuable tree for growing in difficult sites. The genus Quercus supports up to 518 lepidoptera species.
Bloom Table Text:
NCBG Location:
Cultural Notes:
SOIL MOISTURE: Dry, Average
LIGHT EXPOSURE: Sun, Part Shade
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE: 6
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE: 9
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE: Bee Friendly, Butterfly Friendly, Bird Friendly
DEER RESISTANCE:
GRIM ACCESSIONS
| acc_id | acc_num | acc_dt | coll_id | Action |
| 711 | 1985-0359 | View | ||
| 3755 | 1991-0450 | View | ||
| 4476 | 1992-0632 | View | ||
| 5649 | 1995-0773 | View |
GRIM PLANTINGS
| plt_num | acc_id | loc_num | pers_num | inst_dt | Action |
| 1414 | 711 | 159 | NCBG staff | 0000-00-00 | View |
| 6062 | 3755 | 199 | NCBG staff | 0000-00-00 | View |
| 6804 | 4476 | 200 | NCBG staff | 1993-03-01 | View |
| 8163 | 5649 | 204 | NCBG staff | 1993-01-01 | View |
USDA PLANTS DATABASE
USDA Symbol: QUMA3USDA Common Name: Blackjack Oak
Native Status: L48 (N)
Distribution: USA (AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV)
Duration: Perennial
Growth Habit: Tree, Shrub
WEAKLEY FLORA
SCIENTIFIC NAME:COMMON NAME:
SYNONYMY:
PHENOLOGY:
HABITAT:
COMMENTS:
RANGE MAP:
Key to Map Symbols
ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Fagaceae Dumortier 1829 (Beech Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 8 genera and 620-1050 species, trees and shrubs, mostly of the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into se. Asia and Australia.
REFERENCE: Nixon in FNA (1997); Govaerts & Frodin (1998); Kubitzki in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Elias (1971a).
ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Quercus L. (Oak)
SUMMARY: A genus of about 350-530 species, trees and shrubs, of temperate, subtropical, and rarely tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Oaks are the predominant tree of our area, with a variety of species dominating much of the landscape in nearly every ecological situation. Only in a few specialized (and usually in some sense edaphically extreme) communities are oaks generally entirely absent: deepest Coastal Plain swamps, some Coastal Plain depression ponds, wettest pine savannas, pocosins, spruce-fir forests, highest elevation northern hardwood forests, and mountain bogs.
REFERENCE: Nixon in FNA (1997) (overall treatment); Jensen in FNA (1997) (red oaks); Nixon & Muller in FNA (1997) (white oaks); Godfrey (1988); Stein, Binion, & Acciavatti (2003); Cronquist (1991); Duncan & Duncan (1988); Hunt (1990)=Z; Hunt (1994); Kubitzki in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993).
HERBARIUM RESOURCES
SERNEC: Find Quercus marilandica in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)UNC SERNEC: Find Quercus marilandica in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
WEB RESOURCES
USDA: Find Quercus marilandica in USDA PlantsNPIN: Find Quercus marilandica in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Quercus marilandica in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Quercus marilandica
IMAGE USE RECORDS
ID IMAGE: 16600 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)ID IMAGE1: 16600 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 0 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 16601 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)
From the Image Gallery
 Image ID: 16602 |
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