North Carolina Botanical Garden

Plant Index

Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Genus:
Family:

Pinus palustris

Pinus palustris Mill.

longleaf pine, southern pine

Synonym(s): Pinus australis

Image ID: 16245
Image by: Sorrie, Bruce A.
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library

PLANT INDEX

ID_PLANT: PIPA2
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pinus palustris
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2018-10-02

GENUS INDEX

GENUS CODE: PINUS
GENUS SCIENTIFIC: Pinus
GENUS AUTHORITY: L.
GENUS COMMON: Pine
GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 110 species, trees, of the Northern Hemisphere, south to Central America. The State Tree of North Carolina is the �Pine,� the species left (artfully and politically?) ambiguous.
GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: Young saplings generally have shorter needles than larger saplings and mature trees; measurements in the key are those of mature trees. Seedlings have needles single, rather than fascicled. �Cones� in the key below refers to mature (brown) female cones.
GENUS REFERENCES: Kral in FNA (1993b); Silba (2011)=Z; Duncan & Duncan (1988); Wang & Wang (2014); Gernandt et al. (2005); Price, Liston, & Strauss (1998); Richardson (1998); Page in Kramer & Green (1990).

FAMILY INDEX

FAMILY CODE: PINACE
FAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Pinaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi 1830
FAMILY COMMON: Pine Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 12 genera and about 220 species, trees and shrubs, almost exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere.
FAMILY REFERENCE: Thieret in FNA (1993b); Price (1989)=Z; Page in Kramer & Green (1990).

NCBG DESCRIPTIVES

INTRO:
STEMS:
LEAVES:
INFLORESCENCE:
FLOWERS:
FRUITS:
COMMENTS:
HEIGHT: 80-100 ft.

DURATION: Perennial
HABIT: Tree

LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Fascicled
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Simple
LEAF RETENTION: Evergreen

FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
BLOOM TIME: Mar-Apr

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
x		x	x								x

BLOOM COLOR:

White	Red	Pink	Orange	Yellow	Green	Blue	Lavender	Purple	Violet	Brown	Not Applicable
										x

FRUITING PERIOD: Sep-Oct.

DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE:
NATIVE RANGE: southeastern United States

HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text: Much of the Southeast was once covered in these graceful trees. Longleaf pines have three distinctive stages of growth. They spend their first few years hunkered down in the grass stage during which they look much like a clump of grass as they put down a deep taproot. Once they are well established, they shoot straight up into the bottlebrush stage. Soon thereafter they will take on their well branched mature form. This species is more characteristic of the sandy soils of our coastal plains. The Pinus genus supports up to 191 lepidoptera species.

Bloom Table Text:

NCBG Location:

Cultural Notes:

SOIL MOISTURE: Dry, Average, Moist/Wet, Well-drained
LIGHT EXPOSURE: Sun, Part Shade, Shade
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE: 7
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE: 9
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE: Bird Friendly
DEER RESISTANCE:

GRIM ACCESSIONS

acc_id	acc_num	acc_dt	coll_id	Action
39	2015-0001	2015-04-10	41	View
161	2007-0386	2007-12-20	162	View
542	1985-0161			View
1368	1986-1145			View
2213	1986-2031			View
2322	1986-2157			View
3585	1991-0244			View
3925	1992-0078			View
4877	1994-0095			View
6774	1996-0438			View
7559	2000-0322	2000-10-06		View
7848	2001-0208	2001-11-29		View
8447	2005-0521	2005-12-20		View
8941	1990-0153	0000-00-00	1046	View
8942	1990-0198	0000-00-00	1082	View
9270	2020-0002	2020-01-21	1978	View
9303	2020-0040	2021-01-12	2070	View
9562	2023-0009	2023-02-16	2765	View

GRIM COLLECTIONS

Coll_id	Project	Collection date	Collector	Action
41	HORT		Gocke	View
162	HORT		Morris	View
1046	HORT	1988-11-11	Ward	View
1082	HORT	1988-11-11	Ward	View
1398	HORT	2006-11-04	Bryan	View
1978	HORT	2020-01-17	Liloia	View
2070	HORT	0000-00-00	Gocke	View

GRIM PLANTINGS

plt_num	acc_id	loc_num	pers_num	inst_dt	Action
49	39	54	Liloia	2015-04-06	View
50	39	55	Liloia	2015-04-06	View
51	39	59	Liloia	2015-04-06	View
323	161	54	Liloia	2007-12-20	View
1173	542	153	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
2381	1368	90	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
3843	2213	58	NCBG staff	1967-01-01	View
3844	2213	57	NCBG staff	1986-12-23	View
3845	2213	59	NCBG staff	1986-12-23	View
5471	8941	63	NCBG staff	1988-11-11	View
5472	8941	64	NCBG staff	1988-11-11	View
5538	8942	63	NCBG staff	1988-01-01	View
5539	8942	64	NCBG staff	1988-01-01	View
5540	8942	54	NCBG staff	1967-01-01	View
5541	8942	55	NCBG staff	1988-01-01	View
5854	3585	55	NCBG staff	1967-01-01	View
5855	3585	54	NCBG staff	1991-02-20	View
6247	3925	54	NCBG staff	1992-09-17	View
7287	4877	63	NCBG staff	1994-04-21	View
7288	4877	51	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
7289	4877	52	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
7290	4877	64	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
9573	6774	64	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
9574	6774	59	NCBG staff	1967-01-01	View
9575	6774	51	NCBG staff	1998-01-01	View
9576	6774	52	NCBG staff	1998-01-01	View
9577	6774	54	NCBG staff	1998-01-01	View
9578	6774	55	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
10622	7559	54	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
10623	7559	55	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
10624	7559	91	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
10625	7559	52	NCBG staff	1967-12-31	View
11669	8447	63	Liloia	2006-03-01	View
11670	8447	64	Liloia	2006-03-01	View
12180	7848	153	MacIntyre	2009-01-01	View
12398	9270	52	Liloia	2020-01-18	View
12399	9270	55	Liloia	2020-01-18	View
12437	9303	57	Liloia	2020-12-02	View
13157	9303	54	Liloia	2022-02-03	View
13461	9562	51	Liloia	2023-01-11	View
13462	9562	54	Liloia	2023-01-11	View
13463	9562	58	Liloia	2023-01-11	View

USDA PLANTS DATABASE

USDA Symbol: PIPA2
USDA Common Name: Longleaf Pine
Native Status: L48 (N)
Distribution: USA (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX, VA)
Duration: Perennial
Growth Habit: Tree

NATIONAL WETLAND INDICATOR STATUS

Region:	AGCP	AK	AW	CB	EMP	GP	HI	MW	NCNE	WMVE
Status:	FACU				FAC	FAC

This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2016 National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.3 (Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X). Regions: AGCP-Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, AK-Alaska, AW-Arid West, CB-Caribbean, EMP-Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, GP-Great Plains, HI-Hawaii, MW-Midwest, NCNE-Northcentral and Northeast, WMCV-Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast

WEAKLEY FLORA

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Pinus palustris
COMMON NAME: Longleaf Pine, Southern Pine
SYNONYMY: [= Ar, C, FNA, K, RAB, Va, WH3; = P. australis Michaux f. - F, G, S]
PHENOLOGY: Mar-Apr; Sep-Oct.
HABITAT: Formerly throughout the Coastal Plain, Sandhills, and lower Piedmont, on a wide variety of soils (sandy, loamy, clayey, or peaty), from very dry to very wet conditions, in savannas, woodlands, and forests affected by relatively frequent natural (lightning caused) fires (likely augmented by native Americans), now reduced to less than a tenth of its former abundance by a variety of forces, including turpentining, timbering, free-range hogs, fire suppression, and site conversion by foresters to other trees, now extremely rare in VA and north of the Neuse River in NC, still occurring in some abundance in the outer Coastal Plain from Carteret County, NC south into GA, in the Bladen Lakes area of Bladen and Cumberland counties, and in the Sandhills of Harnett, Hoke, Scotland, Richmond, Moore, Anson, and Montgomery counties, NC and south into GA.
COMMENTS: A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. VA south to FL and west to se. TX; it extends slightly into the Piedmont in most states where it occurs, and further into the Piedmont and low mountains in GA and AL. The species has been heavily exploited for timber and turpentine production, and it has been estimated that by 1930 only ten percent of its original volume of timber remained (Price 1989); certainly much less now remains. Longleaf Pine is featured in the official NC State Toast (Here�s to the land of the longleaf Pine�) and the highest honor that the Governor of North Carolina can bestow on an individual for service to the state is to appoint him or her to the honorary Order of the Longleaf Pine. A hybrid with P. taeda, P. �sondereggeri H.H. Chapman, occurs.
RANGE MAP: Pinus palustris.png

Key to Map Symbols

ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Pinaceae Sprengel ex F. Rudolphi 1830 (Pine Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 12 genera and about 220 species, trees and shrubs, almost exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere.
REFERENCE: Thieret in FNA (1993b); Price (1989)=Z; Page in Kramer & Green (1990).

ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Pinus L. (Pine)
SUMMARY: A genus of about 110 species, trees, of the Northern Hemisphere, south to Central America. The State Tree of North Carolina is the �Pine,� the species left (artfully and politically?) ambiguous.
REFERENCE: Kral in FNA (1993b); Silba (2011)=Z; Duncan & Duncan (1988); Wang & Wang (2014); Gernandt et al. (2005); Price, Liston, & Strauss (1998); Richardson (1998); Page in Kramer & Green (1990).

HERBARIUM RESOURCES

SERNEC: Find Pinus palustris in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
UNC SERNEC: Find Pinus palustris in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)

WEB RESOURCES

USDA: Find Pinus palustris in USDA Plants
NPIN: Find Pinus palustris in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Pinus palustris in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Pinus palustris

IMAGE USE RECORDS

ID IMAGE: 16245 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)
ID IMAGE1: 16245 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 13022 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 96293 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)