Plant Index


 
 
 
 

Magnolia virginiana var. australis

Magnolia virginiana L. var. australis Sarg.

southern sweet bay


PLANT INDEX

ID_PLANT: MAVIA2
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Magnolia virginiana var. australis
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2017-01-31

GENUS INDEX

GENUS CODE: MAGNO
GENUS SCIENTIFIC: Magnolia
GENUS AUTHORITY: L.
GENUS COMMON: Magnolia
GENUS SUMMARY: As treated here, a genus of about 130 species, trees and shrubs, of e. Asia (Himalayas and Sri Lanka to Japan and w. Malaysia) and America (e. North America to West Indies, Central America, and South America); alternate treatments in current use divide Magnolia into as many as 16 genera (of which Magnolia Linnaeus, Houpoea N.H. Xia & C.Y. Wu, Metamagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, Paramagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, and Yulania Spach are represented in our flora). Molecular phylogenetics show Magnolia virginiana and M. grandiflora as closely related in a New World primarily subtropical clade, M. macrophylla in a clade with its close relatives, M. fraseri and M. pyramidata together, M. acuminata as basal in a clade that is otherwise Asian (equivalent to subgenus Yulania), and M. tripetala grouped in another clade that is otherwise Asian (Azuma et al. 2001). The sections used follow Figlar & Nooteboom (2004).
GENUS IDENTIFICATION:
GENUS REFERENCES: Sima & Lu (2012)=Q; Tobe (1998)=Y; Spongberg (1998)=X; Frodin & Govaerts (1996)=V; Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov (2008)=U; Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999); Azuma et al. (2001); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001); Hunt (1998).

FAMILY INDEX

FAMILY CODE: MAGNOL
FAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Magnoliaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: A.L. de Jussieu 1789
FAMILY COMMON: Magnolia Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 7 genera and 223 species, trees and shrubs, tropical and warm temperate, of e. and se. Asia, and from e. North America south through West Indies and Central America to Brazil.
FAMILY REFERENCE: Nie et al. (2008); Hardin (1972); Hardin & Jones (1989)=Z; Meyer in FNA (1997); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Frodin & Govaerts (1996); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001).

NCBG DESCRIPTIVES

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DURATION:
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LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Simple
LEAF RETENTION:

FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
BLOOM TIME: Apr-Jul
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
x x x

BLOOM COLOR:
White Red Pink Orange Yellow Green Blue Lavender Purple Violet Brown Not Applicable
x

FRUITING PERIOD: Jul-Oct.

DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE:
NATIVE RANGE: southeastern United States

HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:

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Cultural Notes:

SOIL MOISTURE:
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GRIM ACCESSIONS

acc_id acc_num acc_dt coll_id Action
2544 1986-2434 View

GRIM PLANTINGS

plt_num acc_id loc_num pers_num inst_dt Action
4301 2544 6 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View

USDA PLANTS DATABASE

USDA Symbol: MAVIA2
USDA Common Name:
Native Status:
Distribution:
Duration:
Growth Habit:

WEAKLEY FLORA

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Magnolia virginiana var. australis
COMMON NAME: Southern Sweet Bay
SYNONYMY: [= F, Y; < M. virginiana - C, Fl, FNA, G, GW, K, Q, RAB, S, V, W, WH3, X, Z; = M. virginiana ssp. australis (Sargent) A.E. Murray - U; {Magnolia s.s.}]
PHENOLOGY: Apr-Jul; Jul-Oct.
HABITAT: Pocosins, bay forests, and swamps in the Coastal Plain, streamhead pocosins, swamps, and sandhill seeps in the Sandhills, bogs and peaty swamps in the Piedmont and Mountains.
COMMENTS: S. SC (se. NC?) south to s. FL, and west to e. TX, rarely extending into adjacent, more interior provinces; disjunct in nw. Cuba. Magnolia virginiana was recently discovered in Cuba, the single population named as ssp. oviedoae A. Palmarola, M.S. Romanov, & A.V. Bobrov (Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov 2008), but based on molecular results of Azuma et al. (2011), it seems better to consider this population as part of M. virginiana var. australis. Morphological, molecular, and chemical studies have shown strong variation in M. virginiana in North America, but the patterns are not clear based on the limited current studies (Azuma, Thien, & Kawano 1999). Based on the studies of Azuma et al. (2011), Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999), Tobe (1998), and McDaniel (1966), the recognition of two varieties seems clearly warranted, with a strong genetic break occurring in SC (a secondary and less strong genetic break separates West Gulf Coastal Plain populations from more eastern populations) (Azuma et al. 2011). Additional study is needed to understand the exact distributions of the two taxa in the area of contact (SC and adjacent GA and NC), whether species status is warranted, as suggested by Azuma et al. (2011), and the correlation between morphological traits and genetic variation.
RANGE MAP: Magnolia virginiana var. australis.png

Key to Map Symbols
ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Magnoliaceae A.L. de Jussieu 1789 (Magnolia Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 7 genera and 223 species, trees and shrubs, tropical and warm temperate, of e. and se. Asia, and from e. North America south through West Indies and Central America to Brazil.
REFERENCE: Nie et al. (2008); Hardin (1972); Hardin & Jones (1989)=Z; Meyer in FNA (1997); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Frodin & Govaerts (1996); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001).
ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Magnolia L. (Magnolia)
SUMMARY: As treated here, a genus of about 130 species, trees and shrubs, of e. Asia (Himalayas and Sri Lanka to Japan and w. Malaysia) and America (e. North America to West Indies, Central America, and South America); alternate treatments in current use divide Magnolia into as many as 16 genera (of which Magnolia Linnaeus, Houpoea N.H. Xia & C.Y. Wu, Metamagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, Paramagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, and Yulania Spach are represented in our flora). Molecular phylogenetics show Magnolia virginiana and M. grandiflora as closely related in a New World primarily subtropical clade, M. macrophylla in a clade with its close relatives, M. fraseri and M. pyramidata together, M. acuminata as basal in a clade that is otherwise Asian (equivalent to subgenus Yulania), and M. tripetala grouped in another clade that is otherwise Asian (Azuma et al. 2001). The sections used follow Figlar & Nooteboom (2004).
REFERENCE: Sima & Lu (2012)=Q; Tobe (1998)=Y; Spongberg (1998)=X; Frodin & Govaerts (1996)=V; Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov (2008)=U; Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999); Azuma et al. (2001); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001); Hunt (1998).

HERBARIUM RESOURCES

SERNEC: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
UNC SERNEC: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)

WEB RESOURCES

USDA: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in USDA Plants
NPIN: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Magnolia virginiana var. australis

IMAGE USE RECORDS

ID IMAGE: 0 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)
ID IMAGE1: 0 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 0 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 0 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)

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