ID_PLANT: MAVIA2
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Magnolia virginiana var. australis
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2017-01-31
GENUS INDEX
GENUS CODE: MAGNO GENUS SCIENTIFIC:Magnolia GENUS AUTHORITY: L. GENUS COMMON: Magnolia GENUS SUMMARY: As treated here, a genus of about 130 species, trees and shrubs, of e. Asia (Himalayas and Sri Lanka to Japan and w. Malaysia) and America (e. North America to West Indies, Central America, and South America); alternate treatments in current use divide Magnolia into as many as 16 genera (of which Magnolia Linnaeus, Houpoea N.H. Xia & C.Y. Wu, Metamagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, Paramagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, and Yulania Spach are represented in our flora). Molecular phylogenetics show Magnolia virginiana and M. grandiflora as closely related in a New World primarily subtropical clade, M. macrophylla in a clade with its close relatives, M. fraseri and M. pyramidata together, M. acuminata as basal in a clade that is otherwise Asian (equivalent to subgenus Yulania), and M. tripetala grouped in another clade that is otherwise Asian (Azuma et al. 2001). The sections used follow Figlar & Nooteboom (2004). GENUS IDENTIFICATION: GENUS REFERENCES: Sima & Lu (2012)=Q; Tobe (1998)=Y; Spongberg (1998)=X; Frodin & Govaerts (1996)=V; Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov (2008)=U; Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999); Azuma et al. (2001); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001); Hunt (1998).
FAMILY INDEX
FAMILY CODE: MAGNOL FAMILY SCIENTIFIC:Magnoliaceae FAMILY AUTHORITY: A.L. de Jussieu 1789 FAMILY COMMON: Magnolia Family FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 7 genera and 223 species, trees and shrubs, tropical and warm temperate, of e. and se. Asia, and from e. North America south through West Indies and Central America to Brazil. FAMILY REFERENCE: Nie et al. (2008); Hardin (1972); Hardin & Jones (1989)=Z; Meyer in FNA (1997); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Frodin & Govaerts (1996); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001).
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Magnolia virginiana var. australis
COMMON NAME: Southern Sweet Bay
SYNONYMY: [= F, Y; < M. virginiana - C, Fl, FNA, G, GW, K, Q, RAB, S, V, W, WH3, X, Z; = M. virginiana ssp. australis (Sargent) A.E. Murray - U; {Magnolia s.s.}]
PHENOLOGY: Apr-Jul; Jul-Oct.
HABITAT: Pocosins, bay forests, and swamps in the Coastal Plain, streamhead pocosins, swamps, and sandhill seeps in the Sandhills, bogs and peaty swamps in the Piedmont and Mountains.
COMMENTS: S. SC (se. NC?) south to s. FL, and west to e. TX, rarely extending into adjacent, more interior provinces; disjunct in nw. Cuba. Magnolia virginiana was recently discovered in Cuba, the single population named as ssp. oviedoae A. Palmarola, M.S. Romanov, & A.V. Bobrov (Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov 2008), but based on molecular results of Azuma et al. (2011), it seems better to consider this population as part of M. virginiana var. australis. Morphological, molecular, and chemical studies have shown strong variation in M. virginiana in North America, but the patterns are not clear based on the limited current studies (Azuma, Thien, & Kawano 1999). Based on the studies of Azuma et al. (2011), Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999), Tobe (1998), and McDaniel (1966), the recognition of two varieties seems clearly warranted, with a strong genetic break occurring in SC (a secondary and less strong genetic break separates West Gulf Coastal Plain populations from more eastern populations) (Azuma et al. 2011). Additional study is needed to understand the exact distributions of the two taxa in the area of contact (SC and adjacent GA and NC), whether species status is warranted, as suggested by Azuma et al. (2011), and the correlation between morphological traits and genetic variation.
RANGE MAP: Magnolia virginiana var. australis.png
Key to Map SymbolsABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora) Magnoliaceae A.L. de Jussieu 1789 (Magnolia Family) SUMMARY: A family of about 7 genera and 223 species, trees and shrubs, tropical and warm temperate, of e. and se. Asia, and from e. North America south through West Indies and Central America to Brazil. REFERENCE: Nie et al. (2008); Hardin (1972); Hardin & Jones (1989)=Z; Meyer in FNA (1997); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Frodin & Govaerts (1996); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001).ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora) Magnolia L. (Magnolia) SUMMARY: As treated here, a genus of about 130 species, trees and shrubs, of e. Asia (Himalayas and Sri Lanka to Japan and w. Malaysia) and America (e. North America to West Indies, Central America, and South America); alternate treatments in current use divide Magnolia into as many as 16 genera (of which Magnolia Linnaeus, Houpoea N.H. Xia & C.Y. Wu, Metamagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, Paramagnolia Sima & S.G. Lu, and Yulania Spach are represented in our flora). Molecular phylogenetics show Magnolia virginiana and M. grandiflora as closely related in a New World primarily subtropical clade, M. macrophylla in a clade with its close relatives, M. fraseri and M. pyramidata together, M. acuminata as basal in a clade that is otherwise Asian (equivalent to subgenus Yulania), and M. tripetala grouped in another clade that is otherwise Asian (Azuma et al. 2001). The sections used follow Figlar & Nooteboom (2004). REFERENCE: Sima & Lu (2012)=Q; Tobe (1998)=Y; Spongberg (1998)=X; Frodin & Govaerts (1996)=V; Palmarola-Bejerano, Romanov, & Bobrov (2008)=U; Azuma, Thien, & Kawano (1999); Azuma et al. (2001); Figlar & Nooteboom (2004); Nooteboom in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993); Kim et al. (2001); Hunt (1998).
HERBARIUM RESOURCES
SERNEC: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available) UNC SERNEC: Find Magnolia virginiana var. australis in
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)