Plant Index
Lycopodiella prostrata
Lycopodiella prostrata (Harper) Cranfill
featherstem clubmoss, prostrate bog clubmoss
Synonym(s): Lycopodium alopecuroides var. pinnatum, Lycopodium inundatum var. pinnatum, Lycopodium prostratum
Image ID: 15512
Image by: Sorrie, Bruce A.
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library
PLANT INDEX
ID_PLANT: LYPR3SCIENTIFIC NAME: Lycopodiella prostrata
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2020-01-01
GENUS INDEX
GENUS CODE: LYCOP6GENUS SCIENTIFIC: Lycopodiella
GENUS AUTHORITY: Holub
GENUS COMMON: Clubmoss
GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 15-20 species, temperate and tropical. Additional research on this genus in our area is needed. Two fertile tetraploid species were recently named from MI (Bruce, Wagner, & Beitel 1991), and additional cryptic or semicryptic species may be found in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. This group is variously treated as genus Lycopodiella, or as Lycopodiella section Lycopodiella (Øllgaard in Kramer & Green 1990, Wikström & Kenrick 2000), with a strong trend towards generic rank.
GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: Species of this genus are difficult to identify. They often grow together; it is not uncommon to find two or more species at a single site in the Coastal Plain. Hybrids occur. Juvenile plants, resprouting in spring or after fire, are especially difficult to identify. In contrast to the other species, Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana and, to a lesser degree, L. prostrata, are dorsiventrally flattened (or apparently distichous), but it seems that juvenile sprouts of all species are somewhat flattened.
GENUS REFERENCES: Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993b); Zhang & Iwatsuki in FoC (2013); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Wikström & Kenrick (2000); Haines (2002a, 2003a, 2003b)=Z; Øllgaard (2012a). [also see Pseudolycopodiella]
FAMILY INDEX
FAMILY CODE: LYCOPOFAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Lycopodiaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: Palisot de Beauvois 1802
FAMILY COMMON: Clubmoss Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of 10-15 genera and about 400 species. Lycopodiaceae, along with Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae, have now been shown to be only distantly related to other extant pteridophytes and seed plants (Pryer et al. 2001). The division of North American Lycopodium into three or more genera has been strongly advocated by Wagner & Beitel (1992), Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993), Haines (2003a), and nearly all other recent authors. The traditionally broad Lycopodium appears to include a number of natural groups which are strikingly different from one another and have constituted separate lineages for tens to hundreds of millions of years. These natural groups are separable by numerous morphological, developmental, and anatomical characters, karyotype, and inability to hybridize. Wagner & Beitel (1992) divide Lycopodium (sensu latissimo) of our area into six genera in three subfamilies, as follows: Huperzia in Subfamily Huperzioideae, Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum in Subfamily Lycopodioideae, and Lycopodiella, Palhinhaea, and Pseudolycopodiella in Subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Haines (2003a) further divides Lycopodium (sensu lato) into three genera: Dendrolycopodium, Spinulum, and Lycopodium (sensu stricto). The reasoning behind this division is very strong, and it is here followed. Profound differences in anatomy, morphology, reproduction, gametophyte morphology, and karyotype support this separation, in addition to the very great age of these lineages. The chromosome numbers of our genera: Dendrolycopodium (x=34), Diphasiastrum (x=23), Huperzia (x=67, 68), Lycopodiella (x=78), Lycopodium (x=34), Palhinhaea (x=55), Pseudolycopodiella (x=35), and Spinulum (x=34). Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990) and Wikström & Kenrick (2000) follow a somewhat broader coarse, recognizing three genera for our species (corresponding to the subfamilies of Wagner & Beitel 1992), and recognizing as sections the genera of Wagner & Beitel (1992). Øllgaard states that the “genera are very distinct, and also the sections within Lycopodiella and Lycopodium seem to represent ancient, independent evolutionary lines”; later, Øllgaard has elevated the sections to generic rank (Øllgaard & Windisch 2014). Wikström & Kenrick (2000, 2001) suggest that the phylogenetic separation of Lycopodium (including Diphasiastrum) and Lycopodiella (including Pseudolycopodiella and Palhinhaea) occurred at least as long ago as the early Jurassic (208 million years before present), and the divergence of Huperzia from Lycopodium and Lycopodiella still longer ago. Based on this deep division between Huperzia and the other genera, some authors additionally advocate the recognition of Huperzia in a separate family, Huperziaceae, an opinion followed here.
FAMILY REFERENCE: Lellinger (1985); Mickel (1979); Wagner and Beitel (1992); Beitel (1979); Snyder & Bruce (1986); Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993b); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Wikström & Kenrick (2000, 2001); Øllgaard (1987); Haines (2003a). Key based in part on Haines (2003a).
NCBG DESCRIPTIVES
INTRO:STEMS:
LEAVES:
INFLORESCENCE:
FLOWERS:
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DURATION: Perennial
HABIT: Herb, Subshrub
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FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY:
BLOOM TIME: Jul-Sep
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| x | x | x |
BLOOM COLOR:
| White | Red | Pink | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Lavender | Purple | Violet | Brown | Not Applicable |
FRUITING PERIOD:
DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE:
NATIVE RANGE:
HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:
Bloom Table Text:
NCBG Location:
Cultural Notes:
SOIL MOISTURE:
LIGHT EXPOSURE:
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USDA PLANTS DATABASE
USDA Symbol: LYPR3USDA Common Name: Featherstem Clubmoss
Native Status: L48 (N)
Distribution: USA (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX)
Duration: Perennial
Growth Habit: Subshrub, Forb/herb
NATIONAL WETLAND INDICATOR STATUS
| Region: | AGCP | AK | AW | CB | EMP | GP | HI | MW | NCNE | WMVE |
| Status: | OBL | OBL | OBL |
2018 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
| NHP ID | S RANK | ROUNDED S RANK | G RANK | ROUNDED G RANK | STATE STATUS | FEDERAL STATUS |
| 18367 | S2? | S2 | G5 | G5 | W7 |
WEAKLEY FLORA
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Lycopodiella prostrataCOMMON NAME: Featherstem Clubmoss, Prostrate Bog Clubmoss
SYNONYMY: [= Ar, FNA, K, WH3; < Lycopodium alopecuroides - RAB; = Lycopodium prostratum R.M. Harper - C, S]
PHENOLOGY: Jul-Sep.
HABITAT: Savannas, seepages.
COMMENTS: A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. NC south to FL and west to TX, with scattered occurrences disjunct inland (as in n. GA and n. AL).
RANGE MAP: Lycopodiella prostrata.png
Key to Map Symbols
ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Lycopodiaceae Palisot de Beauvois 1802 (Clubmoss Family)
SUMMARY: A family of 10-15 genera and about 400 species. Lycopodiaceae, along with Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae, have now been shown to be only distantly related to other extant pteridophytes and seed plants (Pryer et al. 2001). The division of North American Lycopodium into three or more genera has been strongly advocated by Wagner & Beitel (1992), Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993), Haines (2003a), and nearly all other recent authors. The traditionally broad Lycopodium appears to include a number of natural groups which are strikingly different from one another and have constituted separate lineages for tens to hundreds of millions of years. These natural groups are separable by numerous morphological, developmental, and anatomical characters, karyotype, and inability to hybridize. Wagner & Beitel (1992) divide Lycopodium (sensu latissimo) of our area into six genera in three subfamilies, as follows: Huperzia in Subfamily Huperzioideae, Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum in Subfamily Lycopodioideae, and Lycopodiella, Palhinhaea, and Pseudolycopodiella in Subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Haines (2003a) further divides Lycopodium (sensu lato) into three genera: Dendrolycopodium, Spinulum, and Lycopodium (sensu stricto). The reasoning behind this division is very strong, and it is here followed. Profound differences in anatomy, morphology, reproduction, gametophyte morphology, and karyotype support this separation, in addition to the very great age of these lineages. The chromosome numbers of our genera: Dendrolycopodium (x=34), Diphasiastrum (x=23), Huperzia (x=67, 68), Lycopodiella (x=78), Lycopodium (x=34), Palhinhaea (x=55), Pseudolycopodiella (x=35), and Spinulum (x=34). Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990) and Wikström & Kenrick (2000) follow a somewhat broader coarse, recognizing three genera for our species (corresponding to the subfamilies of Wagner & Beitel 1992), and recognizing as sections the genera of Wagner & Beitel (1992). Øllgaard states that the “genera are very distinct, and also the sections within Lycopodiella and Lycopodium seem to represent ancient, independent evolutionary lines”; later, Øllgaard has elevated the sections to generic rank (Øllgaard & Windisch 2014). Wikström & Kenrick (2000, 2001) suggest that the phylogenetic separation of Lycopodium (including Diphasiastrum) and Lycopodiella (including Pseudolycopodiella and Palhinhaea) occurred at least as long ago as the early Jurassic (208 million years before present), and the divergence of Huperzia from Lycopodium and Lycopodiella still longer ago. Based on this deep division between Huperzia and the other genera, some authors additionally advocate the recognition of Huperzia in a separate family, Huperziaceae, an opinion followed here.
REFERENCE: Lellinger (1985); Mickel (1979); Wagner and Beitel (1992); Beitel (1979); Snyder & Bruce (1986); Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993b); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Wikström & Kenrick (2000, 2001); Øllgaard (1987); Haines (2003a). Key based in part on Haines (2003a).
ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Lycopodiella Holub (Clubmoss)
SUMMARY: A genus of about 15-20 species, temperate and tropical. Additional research on this genus in our area is needed. Two fertile tetraploid species were recently named from MI (Bruce, Wagner, & Beitel 1991), and additional cryptic or semicryptic species may be found in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. This group is variously treated as genus Lycopodiella, or as Lycopodiella section Lycopodiella (Øllgaard in Kramer & Green 1990, Wikström & Kenrick 2000), with a strong trend towards generic rank.
REFERENCE: Wagner & Beitel in FNA (1993b); Zhang & Iwatsuki in FoC (2013); Øllgaard in Kramer & Green (1990); Wikström & Kenrick (2000); Haines (2002a, 2003a, 2003b)=Z; Øllgaard (2012a). [also see Pseudolycopodiella]
HERBARIUM RESOURCES
SERNEC: Find Lycopodiella prostrata in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)UNC SERNEC: Find Lycopodiella prostrata in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
WEB RESOURCES
USDA: Find Lycopodiella prostrata in USDA PlantsNPIN: Find Lycopodiella prostrata in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Lycopodiella prostrata in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Lycopodiella prostrata
IMAGE USE RECORDS
ID IMAGE: 15512 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)ID IMAGE1: 15512 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 15512 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 0 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)
From the Image Gallery
 Image ID: 15513 |