Plant Index


 
 
 
 

Endodeca serpentaria

Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf.

virginia snakeroot, serpent birthwort, turpentine-root

Endodeca serpentaria (Virginia Snakeroot)
Image ID: 20910
Image by: Cressler, Alan M.
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library

PLANT INDEX

ID_PLANT: ENSE4
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Endodeca serpentaria
Include in WOTAS: 1
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2018-08-28

GENUS INDEX

GENUS CODE:
GENUS SCIENTIFIC:
GENUS AUTHORITY:
GENUS COMMON:
GENUS SUMMARY:
GENUS IDENTIFICATION:
GENUS REFERENCES:

FAMILY INDEX

FAMILY CODE: ARISTO
FAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Aristolochiaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: A. L. de Jussieu 1789
FAMILY COMMON: Birthwort Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 6-12 genera and 600 species, vines, shrubs, and herbs, of tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions.
FAMILY REFERENCE: Barringer & Whittemore in FNA (1997); Ohi-Toma et al. (2006); Neinhuis et al. (2005); Huber in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993).

NCBG DESCRIPTIVES

INTRO: Rhizomatous perennial of dry to mesic forests; may be more restricted to mesic situations over acidic substrate but ranges into drier situations over calcareous/mafic substrates.
STEMS: Stems smooth to hairy, sometimes trailing.
LEAVES: Leaves alternate, petiolate, narrowly lance-shaped to somewhat oval and the base lobed, suggestive of an arrowhead shape, 2–6 in. long.
INFLORESCENCE:
FLOWERS: Flowers solitary on a weak-stemmed lower branch; greenish-purplish to maroon; ½-¾ in. long; bilaterally symmetric and tubular, with a sharp curve and a constriction below the flaring mouth; hairy.
FRUITS:
COMMENTS: Variations in leaf shape and texture have led to naming of other species, though these may represent morphologic extremes of a polymorphic complex; roots have a strong turpentine odor when bruised.
HEIGHT: 4-24 in.

DURATION:
HABIT:

LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Alternate
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Simple
LEAF RETENTION:

FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY: Bilateral (Zygomorphic)
BLOOM TIME: May-Jun
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
x x x x

BLOOM COLOR: Greenish-purple
White Red Pink Orange Yellow Green Blue Lavender Purple Violet Brown Not Applicable
x x

FRUITING PERIOD: Jun-Jul.

DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE: Dry forests, Moist forests
NATIVE RANGE: eastern United States

HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:

Bloom Table Text:

NCBG Location:

Cultural Notes:

SOIL MOISTURE: Dry, Average
LIGHT EXPOSURE: Part Shade, Shade
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE:
DEER RESISTANCE:

GRIM COLLECTIONS

Coll_id Project Collection date Collector Action
29 HORT 2009-06-09 Heiney View
30 HORT 2009-07-17 Schubert View

GRIM ACCESSIONS

acc_id acc_num acc_dt coll_id Action
84 2009-0013 2009-06-09 29 View
85 2009-0014 2009-02-12 30 View
2868 1987-0386 View
3967 1992-0123 View
4902 1995-0020 View
5058 1995-0177 View
5448 1995-0571 View
5918 1995-1046 View
8842 2007-0152 2007-06-19 View

GRIM PLANTINGS

plt_num acc_id loc_num pers_num inst_dt Action
365 85 23 Liloia 2009-10-01 View
368 84 119 Heiney 2009-06-09 View
4768 2868 8 NCBG staff 1982-06-15 View
6295 3967 200 NCBG staff 1993-03-01 View
7321 4902 202 NCBG staff 1992-01-01 View
7477 5058 203 NCBG staff 1992-01-01 View
7962 5448 204 NCBG staff 1993-01-01 View
8470 5918 2 NCBG staff 1992-01-01 View
12081 8842 11 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View
12082 8842 72 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View
12083 8842 73 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View
12084 8842 187 NCBG staff 0000-00-00 View
13109 85 21 Liloia 0000-00-00 View
13223 0 145 Liloia 0000-00-00 View

USDA PLANTS DATABASE

USDA Symbol: ENSE4
USDA Common Name:
Native Status:
Distribution:
Duration:
Growth Habit:

NATIONAL WETLAND INDICATOR STATUS

Region:AGCPAKAWCBEMPGPHIMWNCNEWMVE
Status: FACU UPL FACU UPL UPL

This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2016 National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.3 (Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X). Regions: AGCP-Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, AK-Alaska, AW-Arid West, CB-Caribbean, EMP-Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, GP-Great Plains, HI-Hawaii, MW-Midwest, NCNE-Northcentral and Northeast, WMCV-Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast

WEAKLEY FLORA

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Endodeca serpentaria
COMMON NAME: Turpentine-root, Virginia Snakeroot, Serpent Birthwort
SYNONYMY: [= Tn, Va; = Aristolochia serpentaria Linnaeus - C, Fl, FNA, G, K, Pa, RAB, W, WH3; > A. serpentaria var. hastata (Nuttall) Duchartre - F; > A. serpentaria var. serpentaria - F; > E. hastata (Nuttall) Rafinesque - Il; > E. serpentaria - Il; > A. hastata Nuttall - S; > A. convolvulacea Small - S; > A. serpentaria - S; > Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata (Rafinesque) C.F. Reed]
PHENOLOGY: May-Jun; Jun-Jul.
HABITAT: Dry to mesic forests, perhaps more restricted to mesic situations over acidic substrate, ranging into drier situations over calcareous or mafic substrates.
COMMENTS: CT and NY west to IL, MI, and MO, south to c. peninsular FL and TX. The tremendous variation in this species needs further study. Plants with sparingly pubescent, thin-textured, linear to lanceolate leaves have been called Aristolochia hastata. Plants with broadly ovate, densely pubescent leaves have been called Aristolochia convolvulacea. These may represent merely morphologic extremes of a polymorphic complex; alternatively, some taxonomic recognition of such plants as distinct from A. serpentaria may be warranted.
RANGE MAP: Endodeca serpentaria.png

Key to Map Symbols
ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Aristolochiaceae A. L. de Jussieu 1789 (Birthwort Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 6-12 genera and 600 species, vines, shrubs, and herbs, of tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions.
REFERENCE: Barringer & Whittemore in FNA (1997); Ohi-Toma et al. (2006); Neinhuis et al. (2005); Huber in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993).
ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
()
SUMMARY:
REFERENCE:

HERBARIUM RESOURCES

SERNEC: Find Endodeca serpentaria in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
UNC SERNEC: Find Endodeca serpentaria in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)

WEB RESOURCES

USDA: Find Endodeca serpentaria in USDA Plants
NPIN: Find Endodeca serpentaria in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Endodeca serpentaria in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Endodeca serpentaria

IMAGE USE RECORDS

ID IMAGE: 20910 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)
ID IMAGE1: 20910 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 0 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 20910 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)

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24 photo(s) available in the Image Gallery

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