North Carolina Botanical Garden

Plant Index

Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Genus:
Family:

Cardamine diphylla

Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph. Wood

broad-leaf toothwort, crinkleroot, toothwort

Synonym(s): Dentaria diphylla, Dentaria incisa

Cardamine diphylla (Broad-leaf Toothwort)

Image ID: 13231
Image by: Sorrie, Bruce A.
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library

PLANT INDEX

ID_PLANT: CADI10
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Cardamine diphylla
Include in WOTAS: 1
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2018-12-17

GENUS INDEX

GENUS CODE: CARDA
GENUS SCIENTIFIC: Cardamine
GENUS AUTHORITY: L.
GENUS COMMON: Bittercress
GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 200 species, herbs, cosmopolitan. Dentaria should apparently be included (Sweeney & Price 2000).
GENUS IDENTIFICATION:
GENUS REFERENCES: Al-Shehbaz, Marhold, & Lihová in FNA (2010); Rollins (1993)=Z; Sweeney & Price (2001)=Y; Al-Shehbaz (1988a)=X; Sweeney & Price (2000); Franzke et al. (1998). Key based in part on Turrill, Evans, & Gilliam (1994) and Y.

FAMILY INDEX

FAMILY CODE: BRASSI
FAMILY SCIENTIFIC: Brassicaceae
FAMILY AUTHORITY: Burnett 1835 or CRUCIFERAE A.L. de Jussieu 1789
FAMILY COMMON: Mustard Family
FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of about 340 genera and 3400 species, annuals, perennials, shrubs, and rarely trees and vines, of cosmopolitan distribution (but most diverse in the temperate Northern Hemisphere).
FAMILY REFERENCE: Al-Shehbaz in FNA (2010); Rollins (1993); Al-Shehbaz (1984, 1985a, 1985b, 1986, 1987, 1988a, 1988b); Appel & Al-Shehbaz in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003).

NCBG DESCRIPTIVES

INTRO: Erect, spring-flowering perennial found in rich, mesic forests.
STEMS: Stems smooth, arising from a branching rhizome near the soil surface.
LEAVES: Basal leaves to 10 in. long and divided into 3 ovate, toothed leaflets with pale veins; often evergreen. Stem leaves, in a single pair at mid-stem, resemble basal leaves.
INFLORESCENCE:
FLOWERS: Flowers in a short terminal raceme, white, nearly 1 in. wide when fully open, consisting of 4 oval petals that later turn pink.
FRUITS: Fruit a thin, linear green pod that rarely produces seeds.
COMMENTS:
HEIGHT: 6-15 in.

DURATION: Perennial
HABIT: Herb

LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite
LEAF COMPLEXITY: Trifoliate
LEAF RETENTION:

FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMMETRY: Radial (Actinomorphic)
BLOOM TIME: Apr-May

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
		x	x	x	x

BLOOM COLOR: White or light pink

White	Red	Pink	Orange	Yellow	Green	Blue	Lavender	Purple	Violet	Brown	Not Applicable
x		x

FRUITING PERIOD: May-Jun.

DISTRIBUTION
HABITAT TYPE: Moist forests
NATIVE RANGE: eastern North America

HORTICULTURAL
Plant Sale Text:

Bloom Table Text:

NCBG Location:

Cultural Notes:

SOIL MOISTURE: Dry, Average, Moist/Wet
LIGHT EXPOSURE: Sun, Part Shade
MINIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
MAXIMUM HARDINESS ZONE:
GERMINATION CODE:
WILDLIFE VALUE:
DEER RESISTANCE:

GRIM COLLECTIONS

Coll_id	Project	Collection date	Collector	Action
180	HORT	2008-03-17	MacIntyre	View

GRIM ACCESSIONS

acc_id	acc_num	acc_dt	coll_id	Action
180	2008-0352	2019-07-05	180	View
1282	1986-1055			View
2055	1986-1849			View
6462	1996-0082	2007-03-20		View

GRIM PLANTINGS

plt_num	acc_id	loc_num	pers_num	inst_dt	Action
357	180	198	MacIntyre	2008-03-17	View
2227	1282	81	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
2228	1282	94	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
2229	1282	1	NCBG staff	0000-00-00	View
3353	2055	11	NCBG staff	1986-12-31	View
3354	2055	74	NCBG staff	1986-12-31	View
3355	2055	77	NCBG staff	1986-12-31	View
3356	2055	78	NCBG staff	1986-12-31	View
3357	2055	79	NCBG staff	1986-12-31	View
3358	2055	8	NCBG staff	1996-03-28	View
9138	6462	60	NCBG staff	1996-01-01	View
9139	6462	68	Liloia	1996-01-01	View
13359	0	187	Liloia	0000-00-00	View
13643	0	76	Liloia	0000-00-00	View

USDA PLANTS DATABASE

USDA Symbol: CADI10
USDA Common Name: Crinkleroot
Native Status: L48 (N), CAN (N)
Distribution: USA (AL, AR, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV), CAN (NB, NS, ON, PE, QC)
Duration: Perennial
Growth Habit: Forb/herb

NATIONAL WETLAND INDICATOR STATUS

Region:	AGCP	AK	AW	CB	EMP	GP	HI	MW	NCNE	WMVE
Status:	UPL				FACU			FACU	FACU

This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2016 National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.3 (Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X). Regions: AGCP-Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, AK-Alaska, AW-Arid West, CB-Caribbean, EMP-Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, GP-Great Plains, HI-Hawaii, MW-Midwest, NCNE-Northcentral and Northeast, WMCV-Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast

WEAKLEY FLORA

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Cardamine diphylla
COMMON NAME: Crinkleroot, Toothwort
SYNONYMY: [= C, K, Pa, RAB, Va, X, Y, Z; = Dentaria diphylla Michaux - F, G, Il, W; > Dentaria diphylla - S; > Dentaria incisa Small - S]
PHENOLOGY: Apr-May; May-Jun.
HABITAT: Rich, mesic forests.
COMMENTS: NB west to MN, south to n. GA, SC, and AL.
RANGE MAP: Cardamine diphylla.png

Key to Map Symbols

ABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora)
Brassicaceae Burnett 1835 or CRUCIFERAE A.L. de Jussieu 1789 (Mustard Family)
SUMMARY: A family of about 340 genera and 3400 species, annuals, perennials, shrubs, and rarely trees and vines, of cosmopolitan distribution (but most diverse in the temperate Northern Hemisphere).
REFERENCE: Al-Shehbaz in FNA (2010); Rollins (1993); Al-Shehbaz (1984, 1985a, 1985b, 1986, 1987, 1988a, 1988b); Appel & Al-Shehbaz in Kubitzki & Bayer (2003).

ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora)
Cardamine L. (Bittercress)
SUMMARY: A genus of about 200 species, herbs, cosmopolitan. Dentaria should apparently be included (Sweeney & Price 2000).
REFERENCE: Al-Shehbaz, Marhold, & Lihová in FNA (2010); Rollins (1993)=Z; Sweeney & Price (2001)=Y; Al-Shehbaz (1988a)=X; Sweeney & Price (2000); Franzke et al. (1998). Key based in part on Turrill, Evans, & Gilliam (1994) and Y.

HERBARIUM RESOURCES

SERNEC: Find Cardamine diphylla in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)
UNC SERNEC: Find Cardamine diphylla in University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)

WEB RESOURCES

USDA: Find Cardamine diphylla in USDA Plants
NPIN: Find Cardamine diphylla in NPIN Database
FNA: Find Cardamine diphylla in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Cardamine diphylla

IMAGE USE RECORDS

ID IMAGE: 13231 - Primary Image FloraQuest Plant Detail Page (Landscape Preferred)
ID IMAGE1: 13232 - Primary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE2: 0 - Secondary Image WOTAS
ID IMAGE3: 0 - Primary Image Plant Sale Sign (Landscape Only)
ID IMAGE4: 0 - Primary Image New Plant Sale Label (Portrait Only)