Image ID: 23316
Image by: Ware, Richard & Teresa
Image Collection: NCBG Digital Library
PLANT INDEX
ID_PLANT: TRLA15
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Trillium lancifolium
Include in WOTAS: 0
Publish to Web: 1
Last Modified: 2019-03-29
GENUS INDEX
GENUS CODE: TRILL GENUS SCIENTIFIC:Trillium GENUS AUTHORITY: L. GENUS COMMON: Trillium GENUS SUMMARY: A genus of about 50 species, of e. North America, w. North America, and e. Asia (especially se. North America). The genus Trillium in our area is difficult and complex. Trillium is now usually separated from the Liliaceae (along with Eurasian genera such as Paris) into the Trilliaceae (Zomlefer 1996, Kato et al. 1995, Kawano & Kato 1995, and others) or less drastically as part of the Melanthiaceae (Chase et al. 2000; Tamura et al. 2004). The traditonal division of the genus into two well-marked subgenera, subgenus Trillium, the pedicellate trilliums, and subgenus Sessilium (formerly often called Phyllantherum; see Reveal & Gandhi [2014]), the sessile-flowered trilliums, has been partly supported by molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kato et al. 1995). These studies support the monophyly of subgenus Sessilium, but suggest that subgenus Trillium consists of several groups which are only rather distantly related (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kazempour Osaloo et al. 1999; Farmer & Schilling 2002). GENUS IDENTIFICATION: Identification notes: Teratological forms are frequent in some species, as, for instance, leaves, sepals, and stamens in 2s or 4s, petals sepaloid, or sepals petaloid, and so forth. What are called “leaves” in Trillium are actually interpreted as bracts by some. Most species are slow-growing perennials; seedlings, juveniles, and depauperate or tired plants are one-leaved (monilliums), recognizable by the similar color, texture and venation of the single leaf to the three leaves of mature plants. In some species, such as T. undulatum and taxa of the T. pusillum complex, individual plants remain in the single-leaf stage for long periods of time, and populations may consist largely of juvenile plants. GENUS REFERENCES: Patrick (1986)=Z; Patrick (2007)=V; Freeman (1975)=Y; Case & Case 1997=X; Patrick in Wofford (1989); Case in FNA (2002a); Mitchell (1990); Kato et al. (1995); Kawano & Kato (1995); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a); Zomlefer (1996); Farmer & Schilling (2002). Key adapted from Patrick (1986, 2007), unpublished keys of J.D. Freeman and S. Farmer, and other sources.
FAMILY INDEX
FAMILY CODE: TRILLI FAMILY SCIENTIFIC:Trilliaceae FAMILY AUTHORITY: Lindley 1846 FAMILY COMMON: Trillium Family FAMILY SUMMARY: A family of 5 genera and about 80 species, perennial herbs, of temperate Northern Hemisphere. The Trilliaceae is clearly monophyletic and strongly characterized morphologically, scarcely resembling its sibling groups; its recognition as a family seems well-warranted. FAMILY REFERENCE: Farmer & Schilling (2002).
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Trillium lancifolium
COMMON NAME: Lanceleaf Trillium, Narrowleaf Trillium
SYNONYMY: [= FNA, K, Tn, V, WH3, Y, X, Z; = T. lanceolatum (S. Watson) Boykin ex Small - RAB, S]
PHENOLOGY: Late Mar-Apr.
HABITAT: Rich forests over marble, limestone, and other calcareous substrates, floodplain forests.
COMMENTS: Se. TN south through w. GA and AL to Panhandle FL and se. AL. Petals purple, green, or greenish-purple. Material previously referred to this species from Kershaw County, SC represents the newly described T. oostingii.
RANGE MAP: Trillium lancifolium.png
Key to Map SymbolsABOUT FAMILY (Weakley Flora) Trilliaceae Lindley 1846 (Trillium Family) SUMMARY: A family of 5 genera and about 80 species, perennial herbs, of temperate Northern Hemisphere. The Trilliaceae is clearly monophyletic and strongly characterized morphologically, scarcely resembling its sibling groups; its recognition as a family seems well-warranted. REFERENCE: Farmer & Schilling (2002). ABOUT GENUS (Weakley Flora) Trillium L. (Trillium) SUMMARY: A genus of about 50 species, of e. North America, w. North America, and e. Asia (especially se. North America). The genus Trillium in our area is difficult and complex. Trillium is now usually separated from the Liliaceae (along with Eurasian genera such as Paris) into the Trilliaceae (Zomlefer 1996, Kato et al. 1995, Kawano & Kato 1995, and others) or less drastically as part of the Melanthiaceae (Chase et al. 2000; Tamura et al. 2004). The traditonal division of the genus into two well-marked subgenera, subgenus Trillium, the pedicellate trilliums, and subgenus Sessilium (formerly often called Phyllantherum; see Reveal & Gandhi [2014]), the sessile-flowered trilliums, has been partly supported by molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kato et al. 1995). These studies support the monophyly of subgenus Sessilium, but suggest that subgenus Trillium consists of several groups which are only rather distantly related (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kazempour Osaloo et al. 1999; Farmer & Schilling 2002). REFERENCE: Patrick (1986)=Z; Patrick (2007)=V; Freeman (1975)=Y; Case & Case 1997=X; Patrick in Wofford (1989); Case in FNA (2002a); Mitchell (1990); Kato et al. (1995); Kawano & Kato (1995); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a); Zomlefer (1996); Farmer & Schilling (2002). Key adapted from Patrick (1986, 2007), unpublished keys of J.D. Freeman and S. Farmer, and other sources.
HERBARIUM RESOURCES
SERNEC: Find Trillium lancifolium in Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available) UNC SERNEC: Find Trillium lancifolium in
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium - Southeast Regional Network of Experts and Collections (if available)